Introduction: Scorpion stings have accounted for 10-15% of all bites for many decades. Scorpions sting is a significant medical problem in the middle east area, specially in the underdeveloped tropical countries. Scorpion stings cause a wide range of sign and asymptoms. The aim of this study is to assess the present clinical management of scorpion bits in Jahrom city.Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted between 1380-82 and a total of 63 cases of scorpin stings referring to health center were studied.The data included demographic information and first aid managements were conducted by health persons in referral cantros (nurses or doctors).Results: A total of 63 victims were studied (30 male and 33 female with manage of (23.8±15.1). The upper 50.8% and lower extremities 33.3% were the most common site of the bite. The most common and systemic symptom were pain (%88.9) and anxiety (68.3%) respectively. Other significant symptoms included, cardiovascular problems system with palpitation (46%) and respiratory problems (58.7%).Males had more respiratory problems (p=0.017).The majority of victims received local closure, and immobilization as first aid. The most common prescribed drugs were analgesics (82.5%) and antihistamine, (74.6%) and specific drugs for cardiac problems such as nifidipin or atropine.Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that scorpion sting in this area does not lead to severe life threatening effects except anaphylactic shock.Another significant finding of the present study is low knowledge of our health personnel about management of scorpion stings. Finally, it is important to continue similar studies for better evaluation of various types of scorpions and their symptoms in the area.

Background: Considering the importance of scorpions and recognizing the mechanisms of toxicity caused by their medically important species in Iran and adopting the best therapeutic approach based on these mechanisms, this study was performed by reviewing the clinical manifestations of scorpion stings. Methods: The research was conducted by searching for articles and researches in related websites (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL) and using domestic and international authoritative journals using the keywords of scorpion, clinical manifestations, in a review method. Finally, 104 qualified sources were selected and after review­ing and criticizing these studies, the author's point of view was presented. Results: Clinical manifestations of Scorpion sting toxicity vary due to the existence of two toxic classes of neurotoxins and cytotoxins or hemotoxins in these arthropods in Iran. The number and distribution of species with neurotoxic ven­om are higher than the scorpions with cytotoxic venom and are reported throughout Iran. Scorpions with cytotoxic ven­om are mostly widespread in south and southwest of Iran. Conclusion: Treatment and prevention of scorpion stings in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East should be planned based on the mechanism of toxicity and the presence of toxic classes with neurotoxic or cytotoxic venoms.

Backgrounds and Aims: In the tropical regions of Iran, scorpion stings are one of the most important medical and health problems. Knowing about their epidemiologic aspects might lead to the employment of appropriate preventive methods. Therefore, these studies were done in Qom province for this purpose.Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study which has been done in all of the urban and rural areas of Qom province from 2001 to 2011, and all the cases which were referred to the only available hospital were assessed, examined, treated and subsequently followed. Finally, a questionnaire including demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data was completed for the patients. Chi square tests were used for the evaluation of the hypothesis.Results: In total, 790 cases of scorpion stings were referred to the hospital during the period of study. Most of the cases were males (60.25%) in the 10-24 age groups. The most cases occurred during spring and summer. Hands and feet were the most common location of scorpion stings. 18.7% of envenomed cases were due to black scorpions. 74.4% of cases were from rural regions. 77.2% of the sufferers slept outdoors and on the ground. 20.5% of cases were surrounded by timber, dust and building materials.Conclusion: Based on these findings, scorpion stings are considered a public health problem in Qom province. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce health education programs for personal protection, in order to prevent possible injuries from scorpions, especially for the boy students that reside in rural areas. Also the villagers should use proper beds to sleep in the outdoors.

Background: Scorpion sting is one of the medical health problems in tropical and subtropical regions of Iran. This study deals with the frequency of complications of scorpion sting, in patients referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman. Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was performed using the census sampling method of patients, who referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman following scorpion sting. The statistical population included all patients from 2016 to 2018. After collecting and extracting the data, the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: A total of 111 stings were reported, 61 females (55%) and 49 males (45%). Local signs included pain (55), swelling (15. 3), erythema (21. 6), skin ecchymosis (18. 9), tenderness (10. 8), and bleeding (1. 8%). Systemic symptoms included nausea and vomiting (9), pain (1. 8), numbness and paresthesia (3. 6), weakness (9) and (86. 5) without systemic symptoms. The average number of hospitalization days was 1. 77. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of patients show that species belonging to two families, Buthidae and Hemiscorpidae, are the cause of stings in this province. Stings has been more common in women and in the age group of 21 to 40 years old and more in July. Due to different species with neurotoxic and hemotoxic poison, the development of treatment protocols by trained physicians, who are familiar with clinical manifestations of these arthropods, are essential.

Background: Scorpion sting is an important public health problem in Iran. This study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical and laboratory findings of the scorpion stings victims in Tehran Province. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, treatments, and disposition of scorpion sting patients in Tehran Province, Iran, during 7 years (2012-2018). Results: A total of 199 cases of scorpion sting cases with a Mean± SD age of 30± 18. 7 years were studied. The majority of patients were males (62. 8%). The most affected age group was 20-30 years (31. 1%). The majority of victims (45. 7%) were residents in the southern districts of Tehran. The yellow scorpions (33. 2%) were responsible for a larger number of envenomations. Most of the stings have been occurred in summer (68. 8%). Also, the most affected limbs were hands and legs (94. 4%). Most patients (58. 8%) had localized manifestations, and the common systemic clinical presentations were hypotension (41. 7%) and hypertension (17. 1%). Also, the common laboratory findings increased blood urea nitrogen (48. 7%), hyperglycemia (20. 1%), and anemia (15. 1%). The polyvalent anti-scorpion serum had been administered for 33. 2% of victims. All patients had been recovered and were discharged in good condition without any complications. There was no fatality report. Conclusion: The demographic characteristics of scorpion sting in Tehran Province are similar to those previously reported from other Iran provinces. It seems that the incidence and clinical severity of scorpionism in Tehran are lower than those compared to other tropical and subtropical zones in Iran.

Background and Aim: Scorpions are a large group of arthropods belonging to the arachnid category, which live in humid and desert areas, are active at night, and have deadly venom. They can be dangerous for humans. Since the Iranian combatants were present in the desert areas to defend our holy land and the operations were usually carried out at night and there was a possibility of scorpion stings among them, this article examines the prevention of scorpion stings in the imposed war.Methods: This study was done using the Library research method and searching scientific databases. Scientific and oral interviews with academic staff and experienced officials of health affairs during the holy defense period have also been used.Results: With the national determination and cooperation of all, considerable success was achieved in the prevention of scorpion stings, so that the reports collected from field emergency centers and hospitals in the war zone indicate that no warriors have been bitten by a scorpion. Individual training measures to prevent scorpion stings to the warriors, building concrete trenches, improving the environment, and collecting waste and disposing of it have been effective.Conclusion: Health measures and the implementation of scientific Arrangements during the holy defense prevented possible injuries caused by scorpion stings among the warriors. Therefore, compliance with health standards is recommended in similar conditions. It is necessary to continue scientific research to combat this arthropod and regarding prevention and treatment to reduce its possible and unforeseen risks.